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CRAFFT Screening Test
The CRAFFT Screening Test〔 is a short clinical assessment tool designed to screen for substance-related risks and problems in adolescents. CRAFFT stands for the key words of the 6 items in the second section of the assessment - Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble. The questionnaire contains 9 items in total, answered in a "yes" or "no" format. The first three items (Part A) evaluate alcohol and drug use over the past year and the other six (Part B) ask about situations in which the respondent used drugs or alcohol and any consequences of the usage. The CRAFFT can function as a self-report questionnaire or an interview to be administered by a clinician.〔 Both employ a skip pattern: those whose Part A score is "0" (no use) answer the Car question only of Part B, while those who report any use in Part A also answer Part B's five CRAFFT questions. Each "yes" answer is scored as "1" point and a CRAFFT total score of two or higher identifies "high risk" for a substance use disorder and warrants further assessment.
== Development and history ==
The CRAFFT Screening Test was developed by John R Knight, MD and colleagues at the Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research ((CeASAR )) at Boston Children's Hospital. Their goal was to develop a screening tool that - like the CAGE questionnaire used for adults - was brief and easy to administer and score.〔 Unlike the CAGE, the CRAFFT was designed to be developmentally appropriate for adolescents and screen conjointly for both alcohol and drug use. Because alcohol- and drug-related motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among adolescents, the CRAFFT includes a single risk item to evaluate this. It has been established as valid and reliable for identifying youth who need further assessment and therapeutic intervention The CRAFFT was originally designed to screen adolescents at high risk of substance use disorders in primary medical care offices. However, the necessity for an adolescent screening measure was made apparent by research findings suggesting that half of high school students drink, a third binge drink, and a fourth use marijuana.〔 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49 ((SS-5)) 1- 96〕 For drug use specifically, studies show that more than half of high school seniors have used an illegal drug of any kind and a fourth have used illegal drugs other than marijuana.〔〔 In addition, more than two-thirds of high school seniors, half of sophomores, and a third of eighth graders have used alcohol in the past year.〔 These findings also contributed to the identification of a need for a tool like the CRAFFT to be developed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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